高速公路隧道出口与互通出口最小净距研究

Study on Minimum Clear Distance between Expressway Tunnel Exit and Interchange Exit

针对高速隧道出口与互通出口净距过小时易在互通出口附近导致发生交通事故的问题,对高速公路隧道互通的最小净距进行了研究。在分析隧道互通出口净距影响因素的基础上,通过分析隧道出口与互通出口之间车辆行驶主要过程(包含明适应、车辆加速、标志判读、车辆换道过程),建立了高速公路隧道互通出口最小净距模型。对模型中基本路段和隧道出口的运行速度、明适应时间等关键参数进行了实测数据调查分析。根据互通不同出口方式和主线车道数,确定了不同车型的换道次数。采用双曲正切函数换道模型确定了换道所需距离。最后,在综合各种影响因素的基础上,提出了净距充裕和不足2种条件下的隧道互通出口最小净距的建议值。研究结果表明:高速公路隧道互通出口最小净距与路段和隧道出口的运行速度、主线的设计速度和车道数、出口形式等因素相关。

Aiming at the problem that the clear distance between expressway tunnel exit and the interchange exit is too small, which is easy to cause traffic accidents near the interchange exit, the minimum clear distance between the expressway tunnel and the interchange is studied. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the clear distance between tunnel exit and interchange exit, by analyzing the main process of vehicle driving between tunnel exit and interchange exit(including the process of light adaptation, vehicle acceleration, sign interpretation, and vehicle lane change), the minimum clearance model between expressway tunnel exit and interchange exit is established. In the model, the key parameters such as operating speeds at basic road section and tunnel exit, light adaptation time etc. are investigated and analyzed by the measured data. According to the different exit modes and the number of main line lanes, the number of lane changes for different vehicle types is determined. The distance required for lane change is determined by using the hyperbolic tangent function lane changing model. Finally, on the basis of integrating various influencing factors, the suggested values of the minimum clear distance between tunnel exit and the interchange exit under the conditions of sufficient and insufficient clear distance under the conditions of sufficient and insufficient clear distances are proposed. The research result shows that the minimum clear distance between expressway tunnel exit and interchange exit is related to the factors such as operating speeds at road section and tunnel exit, the design speed and number of lanes of main line, and the form of exit.