从“蛮权力”回归“巧权力”:拜登政府对欧政策初评

From“Tough Power”to“Smart Power”:Biden’s Policy Change toward Europe

拜登高度重视欧洲盟友对增进美国国家利益和保持美国霸权地位的作用。拜登政府对美国的对欧政策与特朗普政府的政策做出了切割,以"巧权力"取代"蛮权力",通过对美国与欧洲双边经贸、国际事务和外交风格的调整,使跨大西洋伙伴关系迎来新的"蜜月期"。拜登政府调整对欧政策既有民主党和执政团队"亲欧"的原因,也有联合欧洲盟友对俄罗斯和中国进行"抱团"对抗和竞争的考量。欧洲尽管总体上欢迎"美国回归",在价值观和意识形态领域也和拜登政府立场相近,但出于对欧洲经济利益和稳定地区局势的考虑,并不愿在中美之间选边站队。在上述分析的基础上,本文还从学理的角度批驳了拜登政府提出的"基于规则的国际秩序"论调。

The Biden administration has attached great importance to European allies to enhance American national interests and maintain supremacy.Taking a starkly different approach,the Biden administration’s policy toward Europe is characterized by"smart power".With adjustments in bilateral trade with Europe,changing attitude toward international affairs and diplomatic rhetorics,the trans-Atlantic partnership is embracing a new"honeymoon".Biden’s change is not only due to the"pro-Europe"preference of Democrats and his policy team,but also out of the concerns in confronting China and Russia.Despite the U.S.returning to allies with similar values and ideology,Europe remains hesitant to choose side between China and the U.S.out of consideration for its economic interests and stability of the region.Based on the analysis above,this paper argues against the"rules-based international order"repeatedly voiced by the Biden administration for binding its European allies and constraining China.