国外冰雪运动政策运行经验与启示研究--基于政策网络理论的分析

Operation Experience and Enlightenment of Foreign Ice and Snow Sports Policy Based on Analysis of Policy Network Theory

我国冰雪运动的发展离不开政策的指引,冰雪运动政策的运行是需要来自不同领域的主体协同合作实现的。运用政策网络理论,采用文献资料法和专家访谈法等总结国外冰雪强国的冰雪运动政策在运行过程中政策社群、府际网络、生产者网络、专业网络、议题网络的行为关系,发现我国冰雪运动政策存在政策社群与府际网络相矛盾、生产者网络政治参与不足,与专业网络合作力度不强、议题网络缺少话语权等问题。基于此,提出了提升我国冰雪运动政策运行效果的启示:1)政策社群要紧握“以人为本”“以自然为主”的国家政策方向,适当放权,寻求国际合作;2)府际网络采用试点模式,实现冰雪运动政策扩散;3)生产者网络应建立与其他网络之间的协作关系,不断进行企业革新;4)专业网络应参与整个政策过程,确保政策运行科学化;5)提高议题网络话语权,构建冰雪运动协会体系。

The development of ice and snow sports in China is inseparable from the guidance of policies,and the operation of ice and snow sports policies needs the cooperation of subjects from different fields.Using the policy network theory,literature and expert interviews,this study summarizes the behavioral relationship of policy community,intergovernmental network,producer network,professional network and issue network in the operation of snow and ice sports policies of foreign ice and snow powers.It is found that there are some problems in China’s ice and snow sports policy,such as the contradiction between the policy community and the intergovernmental network,the insufficient political participation of the producer network,the weak cooperation with the professional network,and the lack of voice in the issue network.Based on this,the paper puts forward the enlightenment to improve the effect of China’s ice and snow sports policy:1)Policy community should hold the national policy direction of"people-oriented"and"nature-oriented",appropriately release power and seek international cooperation;2)The intergovernmental network adopts the pilot model to realize the policy diffusion of ice and snow sports;3)The producer network should establish a cooperative relationship with other networks and constantly carry out enterprise innovation;4)Professional network should participate in the whole policy process to ensure the scientific operation of policies;5)The issue network should be given a greater voice,and the association system of ice and snow sports should be built.