上海市社区老年人群血脂异常状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Dyslipidemia among the Elderly in a Community of Shanghai

目的探讨社区老年人的血脂异常流行状况,并分析其影响因素,为预防社区老年人血脂异常的发生提供参考依据。方法于2019年5-9月期间采用整群抽样的方法,对上海市康健社区2 218名年龄≥65岁居民分别进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,同时对调查人群血脂异常状况及影响因素进行描述性分析、单因素χ^(2)检验、单因素t检验以及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果康健社区老年人血脂异常数共计887例,患病率为40.0%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性、饮酒、睡眠障碍、超重或肥胖、中心性肥胖、糖尿病以及高尿酸血症为血脂异常的危险因素(P<0.05),气虚质、痰湿质以及血瘀质更容易发生血脂异常(P<0.05),年龄越大、经常锻炼为血脂异常的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论社区老年人血脂异常受多种因素影响,需加强对高危患者进行筛查和干预,改善社区老年人血脂异常患病情况。

Objective To explore the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the elderly in community and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention of dyslipidemia among the elderly in community.Methods A total of 2 218 residents over 65 years old were selected from Kangjian community from May to September in 2019 by cluster sampling.Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination were conducted among them.At the same time, descriptive analysis, single factor χ^(2) test, single factor t test and multivaria-te logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the status of dyslipidemia and its influencing factors.Results There were 887 cases of dyslipidemia in the elderly in Kangjian community, and the prevalence rate was 40.0%.The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female, drinking, sleep disorders, overweight or obesity, central obesity, diabetes and hyperuricemia were risk factors for dyslipidemia(P<0.05).Qi-deficiency constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution, and blood-stasis constitution were the predisposing constitution of dyslipidemia(P<0.05).Older age and regular exercise were protective factors for dyslipidemia(P<0.05).Conclusion Dyslipidemia of the elderly in the community was affected by many factors, it was necessary to strengthen the screening and intervention of high-risk patients to improve the prevalence of dyslipidemia of the elderly in the community.