金融—劳动力的结构匹配与产业结构升级

Industrial Structure Upgrading and Structural Matching Between Finance and Labor

硅谷和班加罗尔高新产业园区的经验表明,风险性资本符合高技能劳动力密集型产业的金融需求,稳健性贷款符合低技能劳动力密集型产业的金融需求,金融与劳动力在结构上相互匹配能够很好地促进产业结构升级。基于新结构金融学的金融与要素禀赋相匹配原则,运用社会学的排序匹配法,将2005-2018年间我国各省各年的金融结构和劳动力结构排序相减来构建匹配度指标,进而对匹配度与产业结构升级间的关系进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)匹配度与产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化正相关,即市场主导型的金融结构与高技能劳动力、银行主导型的金融结构与低技能劳动力的匹配均能推动产业结构向更高形态演变以及减小就业结构与产值结构间的偏离;(2)金融—劳动力结构差距与产业结构高级化间成“倒U型”关系,即存在最优匹配状态使产业结构升级效率达到最大;(3)作用机制方面,匹配度可以通过提高技术创新水平来促进产业结构升级。对金融与劳动力结构匹配问题的探讨,拓展了产业结构的研究边界,为我国创新型国家建设提供经验证据和思路参考。

The experience of high-tech industrial parks in Silicon Valley and Bangalore shows that venture capital meets the financial needs of high-tech talent-intensive industries,and robust loans meet the financial needs of low-skilled talent-intensive industries.As long as the financial and labor structures match each other,both can well promote the upgrading of industrial structure.Based on the principle of matching finance and factor endowments in the new structure of finance,this paper uses the ranking and matching method of sociology to subtract the financial structure and labor structure of each province from 2005 to 2018 to construct a matching index.The relationship between the matching degree and the upgrading of industrial structure is empirically tested.The research found that:(1)The degree of matching is positively correlated with the advancement of the industrial structure and the rationalization of the industrial structure.That is,the matching of the market-led financial structure with high-skilled labor,and the bank-led financial structure with low-skilled labor can promote the improvement of the industrial structure.High morphological evolution and reduction of the deviation between the employment structure and the output value structure;(2)The horizontal distance between the financial-labor structure and the advancement of the industrial structure is in an“inverted U-shaped”relationship,there is an optimal matching state to make the upgrading efficiency of the industrial structure reach;(3)In terms of the mechanism of action,this paper finds that the matching degree can promote the upgrading of industrial structure by improving the level of technological innovation.For the first time,this article discusses the structural matching of finance and labor,expands the research boundary of industrial structure,and provides empirical evidence and ideas for reference for the construction of an innovative country in China.