DNA甲基化预测宫颈病变研究进展

Research Progress of DNA Methylation in Predicting Cervical Lesions

现有研究认为宫颈癌前病变进展到宫颈癌需要数十年时间,因此宫颈癌是一种可防控的妇科恶性肿瘤,其预防的关键在于尽早筛查出宫颈病变。基于我国国情,大部分宫颈病变筛查仍选用单一的薄层液基细胞学检查(TCT)或用人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA检测分流TCT结果异常的方式,造成了临床工作中宫颈病变的漏诊或过度诊断。选择最优的筛查方式提高宫颈病变的诊断率是目前宫颈癌防控中亟待解决的问题。DNA甲基化调控的基因表观遗传学累积改变可能介导或预测恶性肿瘤的进展,其致癌的关键机制在于通过启动子沉默抑制基因表达导致整体低甲基化和基因特异性高甲基化,在宫颈病变中已被证实存在特定基因的甲基化水平升高。由于DNA甲基化具有高特异性,现阶段其正被开发作为宫颈病变筛查的标志物。现对相关基因甲基化预测宫颈病变进行综述。

Existing studies suggest that it takes decades for cervical precancerous lesions to progress to cervical cancer.Therefore,cervical cancer is a preventable gynecological malignant tumor,and the key to its prevention is to screen out cervical lesions as soon as possible.Based on China′s national conditions,the majority of cervical lesions screening still choose a single thin-prep cytology test(TCT)examination or HPV DNA detection to shunt TCT results abnormal way,resulting in missed diagnosis or over diagnosis of cervical lesions in clinical work.To choose the best screening method to improve the diagnosis rate of cervical lesions is an urgent problem in the prevention and control of cervical cancer.Epigenetic accumulation of genes regulated by DNA methylation may mediate or predict the progression of malignant tumors.The key mechanism of carcinogenesis lies in the suppression of gene expression through promoter silencing,leading to global hypomethylation and gene specific hypermethylation.It has been confirmed that there is an increase in the methylation level of specific genes in cervical lesions.Because of its high specificity,it is also developed as a new additional tool for cervical lesions screening.This article will make a brief review of the related gene methylation in predicting cervical lesions.