月经血干细胞来源外泌体在疾病治疗中的应用

Progress in Clinical Treatment of Menstrual Blood Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

月经血干细胞来源外泌体(MenSC-Ex)具有细胞来源无创、应用无伦理学问题和免疫原性低等优势,因而极富研究潜力和应用前景。近年研究发现,MenSC-Ex可通过控制炎症反应,抑制自身免疫从而促进组织再生;亦可以通过旁分泌等其他途径调控血管生成素、白细胞介素6等多种细胞因子,促进组织修复;MenSC-Ex也可通过调节活性氧等途径调控血管内皮生长因子在癌细胞内的合成,从而实现对肿瘤血管生成的控制,调控肿瘤进程;在生殖医学等方面,MenSC-Ex显示出对胚胎发育的促进作用,从而改善体外受精的妊娠结局,同时还可以促进卵泡发育,恢复卵巢功能。除此之外,其纳米脂质双分子层结构亦使其有可能成为高效的纳米颗粒递送系统,承载药物及生物分子通过人体生物屏障,靶向发挥治疗作用。阐述月经血干细胞及MenSC-Ex的生物学特征和工作机制,系统性回顾其在疾病治疗中的研究进展,同时展望未来发展方向并尝试提出创新策略。

Menstrual blood stem cell-derived exosomes(MenSC-Ex)showed unique charm to researchers by advantages such as non-invasive obtaining procedure,no ethical problems and low immunogenicity.The therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms were investigated in a series of diseases,showing positive resultes.Recent studies have found that MenSC-Ex can enhance tissue regeneration by limiting inflammatory response and inhibiting autoimmunity.It can also regulate the production of various cytokines such as angiopoietin and interleukin-6 through paracrine and other pathways to assist tissue repair.By targeting the reactive oxygen species and other pathways,MenSC-Ex can also affect the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor in cancer cells so as to regulate tumor angiogenesis and subsequently have an impact on tumor process.In the aspect of reproductive medicine,MenSC-Ex has shown promising effect of promoting embryonic development to improve the outcome of in vitro fertilization,and also promoting follicular development to restore ovarian function.In addition,its unique nano-lipid bilayer structure makes it possible for MenSC-Ex to be applied as an efficient nanoparticle delivery system,bearing drugs and biomolecules,which could transfer through the biological barriers and play therapeutic role at the targeted site.In this paper,we made a systemic review on the biological features and working mechanism of MenSC and MenSC-Ex,emphasizing on the clinical application of MenSC-Ex.Future research directions and innovative strategies were expounded as well.