《韩非子》争议词句考辨二则

An Interpretation of Two Words and Sentences in Han Feizi

将传统小学与现代语言学相结合,以考察分布为核心,在同时代典籍中仔细分辨词义的不同,是解决古书疑难词句问题的有效之法。这个方法可以用来解决《韩非子》疑难词句两例。“明主厉廉耻”一句,“厉”的分布规律决定了其后宾语不可能成为“厉”凭借的手段,在本句语法结构下的“厉”在句中没有“对象”语义角色共现时,“厉”应取“举”义。“米盐博辩则以为多而交之”一句,结合上下文应从司马迁观点,进行字词置换,改“交”为“久”,即“米盐博辩则以为多而久之”。

It is an effective way to solve the problem of difficult words and sentences in ancient books to combine traditional linguistic with modern linguistics,focusing on the distribution of investigations,and carefully distinguishing the differences in meanings of words in contemporary classics.This method can be adopted to give an interpretation of two difficult words and sentences in Han Feizi.In the sentence“明主厉廉耻”,the distribution of“厉”determines that the subsequent object behind this word can not be considered as the means by which“厉”can rely.Under the grammatical structure of this sentence,when“厉”can not co-occur with the semantic role of object,“厉”should be interpreted as“举”.In the sentence“米盐博辩则以为多而交之”,considering the context,we should follow Sima Qian’s point that“交”should be replaced with“久”,so this sentence should be rewritten as“米盐博辩则以为多而久之”.