“湘西会战”中美空军作战研究——基于抗战后期国民政府对日反攻战略调整之视角

Research on the Air Force Operations Between China and America in“Xiangxi Battle”:Based on the Perspective of the Adjustment of the National Government’s Counteroffensive Strategy Against Japan in the Late Period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

抗战以降,国内各阶层始终关注对日反攻战略的推进,国民政府也不断调适其对日反攻战略。在此态势下,1945年4月日军发动“湘西会战”,欲达到摧毁芷江机场、压迫国民政府屈服、避免日后陷入多线作战、掩护桂柳等地军队撤退之目的,为防卫其本土服务。中美空军尤其是空军第五大队英勇战斗,始终掌握制空权,力图构筑陆空协同作战体系,战绩突出,是湘西会战取得胜利的关键保证。国民政府以会战胜利为契机,命令军队转入对桂柳等地的反攻,标志其仓促调整并实施对日反攻战略。国民政府此举与中共在敌后实施的普遍的局部反攻,协力推动了抗战胜利的早日到来,由此也凸显了湘西会战在抗战中的重要地位。

Since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,all walks of life in China have always paid attention to the promotion of the counteroffensive strategy against Japan,and the National Government has constantly adjusted its counter-offensive strategy against Japan.In this situation,in April 1945,the Japanese army launched the Xiangxi Battle,in order to destroy Zhijiang Airport,oppress the National Government to yield,avoid falling into multi-line operations in the future,cover the retreat of troops in Guilin and Liuzhou,and serve to defend their homeland.The Chinese and American air forces,especially the fifth air force brigade,fought bravely,always mastered the air control,tried to build a land-air cooperative combat system,and achieved outstanding achievements,which is the key guarantee for the victory of the Xiangxi Battle.Taking the victory of the battle as an opportunity,the National Government ordered the army to turn to the counteroffensive against the Japanese troops in Guilin,Liuzhou and other places,marking its hasty adjustment and implementation of the counteroffensive strategy against Japan.This move of the National Government and the general local counteroffensive implemented by the Communist Party of China behind enemy lines promoted the early arrival of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,which also highlighted the important position of the Xiangxi Battle in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.