改革开放前高等学校人民助学金制度的确立与实施

Establishment and Implementation of People’s Grant System in Colleges and Universities Before Reform and Opening up

新中国成立后,立足于高等建设人才培养的需要,中国政府沿袭中共在民主革命时期的相关制度,借鉴苏联高等教育的相关经验,在高等学校中实施了人民助学金制度。人民助学金制度先在一些地区试行,于1952年始在全国范围内推行。人民助学金主要包括一般学生人民助学金、职工人民助学金、研究生人民助学金三种。人民助学金制度的确立和实施,减轻了大学生的求学压力,使工农子弟接受高等教育的人数大量增加。改革开放后,人民助学金制度最终被奖学金制度和学生贷款制度取代。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,based on the needs of high-level personnel training,the Chinese government followed the relevant system of the Communist Party of China in the period of democratic revolution and learned from the relevant experience of Soviet higher education,and implemented the People’s Grant System in colleges and universities.The People’s Grant System was first tried out in some areas,and was implemented nationwide in 1952.People’s grants mainly include general students’grants,workers’grants and graduate students’grants.The establishment and implementation of the People’s Grant System has reduced the pressure on college students to study and greatly increased the number of workers’and peasants’children receiving higher education.After the reform and opening up,the People’s Grant System was finally replaced by scholarship system and student loan system.