对ICU神经外科患者医院感染的分析及预防控制

Analysis and prevention and control of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery patients in ICU

目的探讨重症加强护理病房(ICU)神经外科患者医院感染的相关影响因素,提出预防控制策略。方法回顾性分析100例ICU神经外科患者的临床资料,根据患者是否出现医院感染分为观察组(出现医院感染情况)和对照组(未出现医院感染情况),每组50例。收集患者基本资料,归纳总结观察组患者医院感染病原菌分布及感染部位情况,对比分析两组患者一般资料。结果对50例观察组医院感染患者进行病原菌检查,其中25例患者为革兰阴性杆菌感染,占比50.00%;18例患者为革兰阳性菌感染,占比36.00%;7例患者为真菌感染,占比14.00%,均为白色假丝酵母菌感染。观察组患者中,28例患者为下呼吸道感染,占比56.00%;14例患者为颅内感染,占比28.00%;3例患者为泌尿系统感染,占比6.00%;5例患者为血液感染,占比10.00%。观察组中年龄≥60岁患者占比60.00%、基础疾病患者占比70.00%、创伤患者占比66.00%均高于对照组的38.00%、40.00%、30.00%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论神经外科ICU患者容易发生医院感染情况,应深入分析诱发感染的原因及病原菌,制定好预防及控制策略,确保患者住院期间安全。

Objective To discuss the relevant risk factors of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery patients in intensive care unit(ICU),and propose prevention and control strategies.Methods The clinical data of 100 cases of neurosurgery patients in ICU were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into observation group(with nosocomial infection)and control group(without nosocomial infection)according to whether they had nosocomial infection or not,with 50 cases in each group.The basic data of patients were collected,the distribution of nosocomial pathogens and infection sites of patients in the observation group were summarized,and the general data of patients in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results Pathogenic bacteria were examined in 50 patients with nosocomial infections in the observation group,of which 25 patients were infected with Gram-negative bacilli,accounting for 50.00%;18 patients were infected with Gram-positive bacteria,accounting for 36.00%;and 7 patients were infected with fungus,accounting for 14.00%,all of which were infected with Candida albicans.In the observation group,28 patients had lower respiratory tract infections,accounting for 56.00%;14 patients had intracranial infections,accounting for 28.00%;3 patients had urinary tract infections,accounting for 6.00%;5 patients had blood infections,accounting for 10.00%.In the observation group,60.00%of patients aged≥60 years,70.00%of patients with underlying diseases,and 66.00%of trauma patients were all higher than 38.00%,40.00%,and 30.00%of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Neurosurgery patients in ICU are prone to nosocomial infections.In-depth analysis of the causes and pathogens of the infections should be conducted,and prevention and control strategies should be formulated to ensure the safety of patients during hospitalization.