肃南牦牛不同部位肉品质评价研究

Study on meat quality evaluation of different parts of Sunan yak

目的综合评价肃南牦牛不同部位肉品质。方法选择3岁龄雄性肃南牦牛米龙、外脊、上脑、牛腩4个部位肉样,通过蛋白质、脂肪等营养成分, Ca、Fe等7种矿物质元素以及氨基酸组成与含量的测定,综合评价牦牛肉的品质特性。结果从营养价值的角度上,不同部位牦牛肉中蛋白质含量无差异(P>0.05);米龙部位的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他3个部位(P<0.05);牦牛肉富含矿物质元素,米龙部位Fe、Zn、K的含量显著高于其他3个部位,上脑部位Na、Ca、Mg的含量显著高于其他3个部位(P<0.05)。4个部位牦牛肉中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(essential amino acid/total amino acid,EAA/TAA)分别为40.50%、40.40%、40.03%和40.73%,均在40%以上,此4个部位牦牛肉属于优质蛋白质。结合主成分分析和典则判别分析,很好地实现了4个不同部位肉品质的区分。结论肃南牦牛肉品质较优,富含丰富的蛋白质和矿物质元素且蛋白质品质较好。综合评价来讲,米龙部位的肉品质较其他部位好。

Objective To evaluate the meat quality of different parts of Sunan yak comprehensively. Methods Four parts of milone, outer ridge, upper brain and oxen of 3-year-old male Sunan yak were selected, through the determination of nutritional components such as protein and fat, etc, 7 kinds of mineral elements such as Ca and Fe, etc, and the composition and content of amino acids, the quality characteristics of yak meat were comprehensively evaluated. Results From the perspective of nutritional value, there was no difference in protein content in yak meat from different parts(P>0.05);the crude fat content of milone was significantly higher than that of the other 3 parts(P<0.05);yak meat was rich in mineral elements, the content of Fe, Zn and K in milone was significantly higher than those in the other 3 parts, and the content of Na, Ca and Mg in upper brain was significantly higher than those in the other 3 parts(P<0.05). The ratios of essential amino acid/total amino acid(EAA/TAA) in yak meat from 4 parts were 40.50%, 40.40%, 40.03% and 40.73% respectively, all of were above 40%, and these 4 parts of yak meat belonged to high quality protein. Combined with principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis, the meat qualities of 4 different parts were well distinguished. Conclusion The beef in Sunan yak is of excellent quality, rich in protein and mineral elements, and has good protein quality. In terms of comprehensive evaluation, the meat quality and taste of milone is better than that of other parts.