侵犯股东优先购买权的股权转让合同效力分析

Analysis of the validity of equity transfer contract violating shareholders′preemptive right

侵犯股东优先购买权的股权转让合同是否有效,应从民法的一般原理出发,结合交易当事人注意义务的分配,细分侵犯股东优先购买权的情形:恶意串通情形下的合同自然无效;受让人未尽形式审查义务则具有可归责性,判定合同无效更符合实体公正;受让人善意的情形下,将股权转让合同对当事人的效力与对公司的效力加以区分,考虑股东优先购买权制度的设计本意和行使规则,认定合同有效更加合理。在侵犯股东优先购买权的相关案件的审理过程中,应树立准确的审判理念:维护有限责任公司人合性,维持股权结构稳定;保障股东的股权自由转让权益;保护受让人利益,维护交易安全。

Whether the equity transfer contract that infringes upon the shareholders′preemptive right is valid or not should start from the general principles of civil law,combined with the distribution of the duty of care of the parties to the transaction,particularly the situation of infringing the shareholders′preemptive right:the contract is naturally invalid in the case of malicious collusion;if the assignee fails to fulfill the obligation of formal examination,it can be attributed,and it is more in line with substantive justice to determine the invalidity of the contract;when the transferee is in good faith,it is more reasonable to distinguish the validity of the equity transfer contract to the parties and the validity to the company,and consider the design intention and exercise rules of the shareholders′preemptive right system.In the process of hearing the cases related to the infringement of shareholders′preemptive right,we should establish an accurate trial concept:maintain the human cooperation of limited liability company and the stability of ownership structure;guarantee the free transfer of shareholders′equity;protect the interests of the transferee and maintain the security of the transaction.