学术、自治与劳动:美国深泉学院的教育理念及启示

Academic,Student Autonomy,and Manual Labor:The Educational Idea and Inspiration from Deep Springs College

深泉学院是美国一所特色鲜明的高等教育机构,建校一百多年来一直坚守着“学术、自治与劳动”的教育理念。其中,学术是深泉学院的核心事务,突出表现为对表达能力培养、研讨式教学和课下交流的重视;自治是深泉学院百余年来坚持不变的传统,体现在从学术事务到日常生活都由学生委员会参与负责管理;劳动是和课程学习同等重要的项目,突出特点为劳动的生活目的与教育目的并重、学生“真实”劳动。深泉学院的教育理念不仅为我国高校建构以学生为主的研讨式教学模式、促进学生参与学校管理以及实施“真实”的劳动教育提供了借鉴,而且对我国教育主管部门创造良好的制度环境,从而促进各具个性的高校不断生成有重要启示。

Deep Springs College is a college of arts and science in the United States,which is not only characterized by its small size,but also has been practicing the educational idea established since its establishment—academics,autonomy,and manual labor.Among them,academic is the core business of Deep Springs College,which is prominently manifested in the emphasis on expression ability training,seminar-style teaching and off-class communication;autonomy is a tradition that Deep Springs College has adhered to for one hundred and three years.It is reflected in the student committee’s participation in the management of academic affairs to daily life;labor is an equally important project with curriculum learning,which is characterized by equal emphasis on the purpose of life and education of labor,and"real"labor of students.On the one hand,Deep Springs College’s educational idea provides reference for the construction of student-centered discussion teaching mode,promoting students’participation in school management,and the implementation of"real"labor education to our colleges and universities.On the other hand,it is of great significance to the education authorities in China to create a good institutional environment,so as to promote the continuous generation of individual colleges and universities.