教学学术理念下美国研究生助教的身份、培养、功能与启示

Teaching Assistants in America Under Idea of the Scholarship of Teaching:Identity,Cultivation,Functions and Inspirations

基于对加州大学的考察发现,美国研究生助教拥有“学术雇员”这一合法身份和多样化的角色分工。在教学学术理念的影响下,美国高校建立起一套完整的从培训、考核到激励的助教制度,形成了成熟的面向未来大学师资的培养体系。研究生助教提升了本科生的学习体验,为大学教师分担了诸多教学工作量;从长远来看,研究生助教制度是美国大学教师职前发展的重要一环,为保障大学教学质量作出了贡献。我国博士研究生教育中有必要融入教学学术理念,并为研究生助教培养建立起制度化的保障。

Based on the investigation of the University of California,teaching assistants(TA hereafter)in American universities are found to own legal identity as“academic employees”and diverse roles.Under the influence of the scholarship of teaching,American universities have established an integral TAs system which contains training,assessment and incentives,forming a mature training system for future faculties.TAs help to improve undergraduates’learning experience,and lighten teaching workload for faculties.In the long run,TAs system serves as an important part of pre-service development of faculty and contributes to universities’teaching quality.It is necessary to integrate the scholarship of teaching into our doctoral education and establish institutional guarantees for TAs’cultivation.