新理想人格的寻求:论梁启超的“创造”观念

The Quest for New Ideal Personality:Reseach on Liang Qichao s Idea of“Creation”

作为现代性的首要价值,“创造”观念内涵变迁的背后关联着理想人格的变革。梁启超对“创造”观念的诠释既受传统的墨子、心学与佛学思想影响,又吸收了西方康德、柏格森、詹姆士等思想家的理论,以自由为创造之本质,并强调个人之创造与群体活力间的关系,这与梁启超新理想人格中对平民化自由人格、力性人格、“群己和谐”的寻求相一致。梁启超对“创造”观念诠释的背后是他建立近代新理想人格的尝试,这与他对传统“天命”论的批判相辅相成。他理解的“创造”观念与其寻求建立的近代新理想人格间存在紧密关系。

The change of the idea of“creation”,a primary value of modernity,is related to the transformation of the ideal personality.Liang Qichao s interpretation on the idea of“creation”has been influenced by many theories,including Mozi,Wang Yangming,and Buddhism as well as Kant,Bergson and James.It takes freedom as the essence of creation and emphasizes the relationship between the individual creativity and the vitality of community.This is consistent with that Liang s quest for“civilian-style freedom”,“Strength Individuals”and the harmony between group and individual in constructing his new ideal personality.Behind Liang s theory of creation is his effort to construct a new ideal personality and to criticize the fatalism in ancient China,these two facts complementing each other.There is a close relationship between his idea of“creation”and the modern ideal personality he seeks to establish.