陕北绥德汉代田鲂墓画像石题记的文学意义蠡测

Literary Significance of Tian Fang’s Tomb Stone Relief Inscription in Suide of North Shaanxi in Han Dynasty

陕北绥德田鲂墓是一座有明确纪年的东汉画像石墓。通过释读该墓出土的石刻题记,我们发现,该题记由散体与诗体两部分组成。其中,散体铭文承担了“志”的功能,程式化叙事倾向明显;诗体铭文则充当了“铭”或“颂”的角色,应与楚辞《招魂》《大招》有亲缘关系。因此,田鲂墓石刻题记既是汉代碑铭文的早期形式,也是该类文体兴起、发展于东汉的重要证据,其文学价值与意义不容低估。

The tomb inscriptions of Tian Fang’s tomb in Suide in northern Shaanxi are composed of two parts of prose and poetry.Among them,the prose-styled part bears the function of“records”with an obvious stylized narrative tendency;and the poetry-styled part acts as“inscription”and“eulogy”and should be related to Zhao Hun(招魂)and Da Zhao(大招).Therefore,the inscriptions are not only the early form of the inscriptions in the Han Dynasty,but also the important evidence of the rise and development of this type of style in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Its literary value and significance cannot be underestimated.