国内外镓资源分布供需及镓产业链发展现状研究

Study on Distribution and Supply of Gallium Resources Domestically and Abroad and the Present Situation of the Industry Chain of Gallium

镓主要伴生于氧化铝、闪锌矿、煤等,具有低熔点、高沸点等特性,广泛应用于新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料等诸多新兴领域。美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家及联合国环境规划署均将镓作为战略性或关键性矿产资源,我国也将镓列为战略储量金属之一。本文系统研究了国内外镓资源的分布、国内外金属镓的供需、金属镓产业链的现状、镓的消费应用领域和未来国内外对镓的需求。结果显示作为战略性矿产镓受主矿产的影响较大;目前我国镓资源在全球占据优势地位,但是产业链高端产品占比不高;随着镓应用领域的拓宽,加上新冠疫情对全球社会经济的影响,镓资源的需求有强劲的增长空间;未来镓的产能富有弹性,拥有继续释放的空间。最后针对镓的战略性特征和我国高端产能较低等问题,提出了合理进行镓资源储备、加强高纯镓及再生镓的技术研发、延伸下游产业链发展的政策建议。

Mainly associated with alumina,sphalerite,coal,etc,gallium has the characteristics of low melting point and high boiling point,and is widely used in many emerging industries like new generation information technology,biology,high-end equipment manufacturing,new energy,new materials and so on.Gallium has been regarded as a strategic or key mineral resource by several developed countries like the USA,the EU,Japan and the UNEP and China also lists gallium as one of the strategic reserve or key metals.This paper systematically studies the distribution of gallium resources domestically and abroad,the domestic and abroad supply and demand of gallium,the present situation of the industry chain of gallium,gallium consumption and application areas and the future demand for gallium at home and abroad.The results show that gallium,as a strategic mineral,is relatively significantly influenced by the main mineral.At present,the gallium resources in China shows an advantage position in the world,but high-end products in the industry chain does not take a large proportion.With the expansion of the application of gallium and the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy,the demand for gallium resources has large space for growth.Future gallium production capacity is flexible,with space for future increase.At the end of the paper,based on the strategic characteristics of gallium and the problems of low capacity in high-end production in China,we bring up the policy suggestions of rational gallium resource reservation,strengthening development of high purity gallium and gallium recycling technology,and extending the development of downstream industry chain.