面向铁路电磁干扰检测的光子学技术集成系统与现场应用

Photonics-enabled Integrated System and Field Applications for Electromagnetic Interference Detection Along In-service Railways

随着高速铁路的迅速发展,列车的运行安全与运营效率愈发重要。干净的电磁环境是铁路安全运营的重要保障,将显著提升运营效率和减少安全事故隐患,因此针对铁路无线通信系统进行宽带电磁干扰检测极为重要。以光子学技术集成创新为思路,研发铁路电磁干扰检测系统,充分融合宽带射频光子前端、远程光载无线传输链路、密集型光波分复用技术及多域信号联合处理四种高性能技术,实现高速铁路沿线电磁干扰的分布式、远程、实时、多域高精度检测。进而,将该系统应用于铁路现场测试,以GSM-R通信系统电磁干扰检测为例,分别在成渝高铁与成昆二线完成单点试验测试和分布式网络系统验证。结果表明该系统可以成功识别铁路通信网络内的带内、邻道和带外干扰并及时做出预警,为列车的安全运营提供可靠保障。

With the rapid development of high-speed railways(HSRs),the corresponding safety and efficiency of train operation have received increasing attention.In particular,a clean electromagnetic environment is an essential guarantee for the safe operation of HSRs,which will highly improve the operational efficiency and reduce the risk of accidents.Therefore,wideband electromagnetic interference(EMI)detection for the wireless communication system of railways is indispensable.In this paper,an EMI detection system was developed and demonstrated through the integration of innovative photonic technologies.Four high-performance technologies were fully integrated,including broadband radio-frequency photonic frontend,remote radio-over-fiber(RoF)transmission link,dense optical wavelength division multiplexing,and joint processing of multi-domain signals.Consequently,the EMI signals along HSRs were monitored with high precision among multiple domains,distributed architecture,remote mode,and real-time feature.Furthermore,the integrated system was implemented in field trials for HSRs.In the case of the EMI detection for GSM-R system,both single-point tests and distributed network experiments were performed in the Chengdu-Chongqing HSR line and the Chengdu-Kunming railway,respectively.The experimental results show that the photonics-enabled EMI detection system is capable of identifying the in-band,adjacent-channel,and out-of-band EMIs for the railway communication network,giving timely warnings,and providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of HSRs.