碳中和目标下的我国绿色金融:政策、实践与挑战

China’s Green Finance under the Carbon Neutrality Target:Policies,Practices and Challenges

绿色金融是环境治理的重要机制,也是实现碳中和目标的关键抓手。中国现已建立了完善的绿色金融政策体系,总体呈现出战略化、整体化和协同化的特征。绿色金融实践沿着国内、国际两条线索,经历了从构建体系到完善机制、从追随者到引领者的发展历程。但在碳中和目标下,中国绿色金融存在较大资金缺口,绿色转型或可引致系统性金融风险,实现中国碳中和也缺乏相应金融支持,而究其原因在于当前绿色金融体系与碳中和目标不匹配。为此,中国应以碳中和为目标完善绿色金融体系,加强绿色转型风险意识并优化风险治理机制,建立可持续的绿色金融发展模式,以及立足国情探索中国绿色金融发展路径。

Green finance is an important mechanism for environmental governance and a key to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Now,China has established a complete green financial policy system combining the characteristics of strategy,integration and coordination on the whole. Following both domestic and international paths,the practice of China’s green finance has experienced a development process from building a system to improving a mechanism,and from a follower to a leader. However,under the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s green finance has a large funding gap. Green transformation may lead to systemic financial risks. Achieving national carbon neutrality lacks corresponding financial support. The reason is that the current green financial system does not match the goal of carbon neutrality. Therefore,it is necessary to improve the green financial system with the goal of carbon neutrality,strengthen the risk awareness of green transformation,optimize the risk management mechanism,establish a sustainable green financial development model,and explore the development path for China’s green finance based on national conditions.