如何理解直接社会感知中的“直接”要义

What Do Direct Social Perception Direct?

心灵哲学、心理学与认知科学中读心的主流理论模型与经验科学证据都普遍接受了他心的不可观察原则。近期,受现象学洞见与神经科学发现的双重启示,直接社会感知理论的兴起挑战了上述原则。该理论主张至少某些心理状态和过程或其某些部分有时是可见的,能够被他人直接感知。需要澄清的是,"直接"并不意味着在人格层面上的"无意识",也不意味着亚人格层面上的"镜像化",更不意味着重返"行为主义"怀抱。一种理想的"直接"内涵是接受他心的构成观,将心灵视为具有复杂结构的混合实体。对于这样一个由内在心理状态和外在身体行为构成的"表达性的统一体"而言,看见构成其的行为就是看见了他心的一部分。

For a long time,in philosophy of mind,psychology and cognitive science,the mainstream theoretical models and empirical scientific evidence of mind reading,as well as the debates caused by them,have generally accepted the unobservable principle(UP)of other minds.That is,the mental state is an intracranial phenomenona,which is perceptually inaccessible and thus unobservable to everyone but their owners.Recently,inspired by both phenomenological insights and neuroscientific discoveries,the rise of direct social perception theory(DSP)challenges the UP.The theory advocates at least some mental states and processes or parts of them are at times visible,capable of being directly perceived by others.It is worth clarifying that"direct"does not mean"unconsciousness"at the personal level,nor does it mean"mirroring"at the sub-personal level,let alone returning to the embrace of"behaviorism".An ideal"direct"connotation is to accept the composition of the other minds and regard the mind as hybrid entities with a complex structure.For such an"expressive unity"consist of inner mental states and external bodily behavior,to see the behavior that constitutes it is to see a part of other mind.