结合雌性交配囊的尖鞘叩甲亚科(叩甲科)比较研究

The comparative study on Oxynopterinae(Elateridae)combined with female bursa copulatrix

叩甲科是鞘翅目最大的科之一,其幼虫"金针虫"常作为重要的地下害虫,给农业生产带来重大损失。而尖鞘叩甲亚科Oxynopterinae是其中量小、个大、体美的一个类群。该类群的研究历史,特别是分类历史,存在族级阶元不明晰、种间变异不明显等问题,其中梳角叩甲属Pectocera Hope, 1842过去长期放在该亚科内,近年来不少学者提出将其移出并放入异角叩甲亚科Pityobiinae里,但也一直没确切的证据。在叩甲的分类历史里,人们主要依靠形态特征和雄性外生殖器特征来鉴定,忽视了对雌性生殖系统,特别是交配囊结构对于划分属级及以上分类阶元的重要作用。本研究通过解剖尖鞘叩甲亚科各属(尖鞘叩甲属除外)雌性生殖器官,发现和比较了各属交配囊结构的差异,同时结合形态学特征,明确尖鞘叩甲各亚科各属间亲缘关系。结果表明梳角叩甲属Pectocera Hope与尖鞘叩甲亚科其它属形态和交配囊差异较大,亲缘关系较远。

Elateridae is one of the most largest families in the order Coleoptera.Its larva brings great losses to agriculture.Species of the subfamily Oxynopterinae often large,beautiful,with few members.Relationships among the tribes under this subfamily are obscure and variations between species are very limited.Genus Pectocera Hope,1842 has been put in this subfamily at beginning,but some researchers transfer it to subfamily Pityobiinae without strong evidence.People focus too much to the characters of morphology and male genitalia and ignoring the importance of female internal reproductory system,especially bursa copulatrix,in determining genera taxon in the past.In this study,we dissected and compared the differences of bursa copulatrix of all genera(except Oxynopterus Hope,1842)in Oxynopterinae and combined other morphological characters to better understand the relationships between these genera.The result suggests that Pectocera Hope is peculiar,and probably the most remote genus from other members of Oxynopterinae.