酶菌复合制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影响

Effects of Compound Preparation of Enzyme and Probiotics on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Antioxidant Function of Broilers

本试验旨在对比分析不同组合的酶菌复合制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能等的影响,为开发合理的抗生素生长促进剂的替代方案提供支撑。试验选用1日龄健康科宝500雏鸡1120只,随机分为4个组,每组10个重复,每个重复28只鸡(公母各占1/2)。4个组分别为:1)空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;2)抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加45 g/t金霉素(含量为15%)和10 g/t吉他霉素(含量为50%);3)酶菌复合制剂Ⅰ组,在基础饲粮中添加150 g/t非淀粉多糖酶、300 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和50 g/t乳酸菌;4)酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组,在基础饲粮中添加500 g/t群体感应淬灭酶(QQE)、300 g/t GOD和50 g/t乳酸菌。基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕型。试验期42 d,期间鸡只自由采食和饮水。结果表明:1)与空白对照组相比,在生长前期(1~21日龄),抗生素组和酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组肉鸡末重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);抗生素组和酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组肉鸡生长性能差异不显著(P>0.05)。在生长后期(22~42日龄)和生长全期(1~42日龄),各组肉鸡生长性能指标之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与空白对照组相比,抗生素组和酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组肉鸡血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-10含量有升高的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)与空白对照组相比,酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著提高(P<0.05),酶菌复合制剂Ⅰ组肉鸡血清CAT活性显著提高(P<0.05),酶菌复合制剂Ⅰ组和酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组肉鸡肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与空白对照组相比,抗生素组、酶菌复合制剂Ⅰ组和酶菌复合制剂Ⅱ组肉鸡粪便中尿酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加由QQE、GOD和乳酸菌配伍组成的酶菌复合制剂能够提高肉鸡生长前期(1~21日龄)的生长性能,显著提高血清IL-6含量,显著提高血清CAT和GSH-Px活性以及肝脏SOD活性,显著降低粪便中尿酸含量,可有效替代抗生素。

This experiment was conducted to compare and analyze the effects of different combinations of enzyme and probiotics compound preparation on growth performance,immune function and antioxidant function of broilers,so as to provide support for the development of reasonable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. A total of 1 120 healthy Cobb 500 broiler chickens of one-day-old were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 28 chickens(half male and half female)per replicate. The four groups were as follows:1)the blank control group,and the broilers were fed a basal diet;2)the antibiotic group,and the broilers were fed the basal diet supplemented with 45 g/t aureomycin(15%)and 10 g/t kitasamycin(50%);3)the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅠ,and the broilers were fed the basal diet supplemented with 150 g/t non-starch polysaccharide enzyme,300 g/t glucose oxidase(GOD)and 50 g/t lactic acid bacteria;4)the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅡ,and the broilers were fed the basal diet supplemented with 500 g/t quorum quenching enzyme(QQE),300 g/t GOD and 50 g/t lactic acid bacteria. The basal diet was corn-soybean meal type. The experiment lasted for 42 days,during which the chickens were free to eat and drink. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the blank control group,at the early growth stage(1 to 21 days of age),the final body weight and average daily gain of broilers in the antibiotic group and the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in growth performance between the antibiotic group and the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅡ (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the growth performance indices of broilers in the late growth period(22 to 42 days of age)and the whole growth period(1 to 42 days of age)among all groups(P>0.05). 2)Compared with the blank control group,the serum interleukin-6(IL-6)content of broilers in the antibiotic group and the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum interleukin-10 content had a tendency to increase(0.05≤P<0.10). 3)Compared with the blank control group,the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and catalase(CAT)in serum of broilers in the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum CAT activity of broilers in the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupⅠwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in liver of broilers in the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05). 4)Compared with the blank control group,the uric acid content in feces of broilers in the antibiotic group,the compound preparation of enzyme and probiotics groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly decreased(P<0.05). In conclusion,dietary enzyme and probiotics compound preparation composed of QQE,GOD and lactic acid bacteria can improve the growth performance of broilers during early growth period(1 to21 days of age),significantly increase the serum IL-6 content,the serum CAT and GSH-Px activities and the liver SOD activity,and significantly reduce the fecal uric acid content,thus can effectively replace antibiotics.