覆盖作物及其作用的研究进展

Research advances of cover crops and their important roles

在农作物种植系统中,田间杂草、土壤因素对作物的生长发育、产量和品质的影响一直都是农业领域关注的热点。大量使用化肥和除草剂可以达到作物增产、除草的目的,但其对土壤和环境造成的负面影响,严重制约了农业生产的可持续发展。种植覆盖作物是一种实现农业可持续发展的新策略,可以达到控制杂草、减少氮肥施用、改善土壤质量等目的。本文主要从覆盖作物的起源与发展过程、主要种类和作用及其种植制度等方面,总结了目前覆盖作物的研究进展及其在作物种植中的应用,以期为覆盖作物在我国农业生产中的研究与应用提供理论基础。

In crop planting system,the influences of field weeds and soil properties on crop growth and development,yield,and quality have always been paid close attention to agriculture field.Overdose applications of chemical fertilizers and herbicides are beneficial for crop yield and well control of weeds,however,their negative impacts on soil and environment seriously restrict the sustainable development of agricultural production.Planting cover crops have been considered as a novel strategy to achieve sus-tainable agricultural development,which can help to control weeds,reduce nitrogen application,and improve soil quality.We summarize the current research advance progress of cover crops and their application in crop cultivation,including the origin and development process,main types,functions,and cropping systems of cover crops,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and application of cover crops in agriculture production in China.