基于InVEST模型的山地流域生境质量时空分异研究——以贵州省境内赤水河流域为例

Spatio-temporal evolution analysis on habitat quality in mountainous watershed based on InVEST Model:case of Chishui River Basin in Guizhou Province

生境质量是生态系统服务研究中的重要组成模块,分析景观格局变化引起的生境质量变化可为景观优化以及生态文明建设提供科学依据。以贵州省境内赤水河流域为例,基于InVEST模型探讨了流域1990~2015年的生境质量时空特征及其与景观格局的耦合关系。结果显示:(1)1990~2015年,研究区的土地利用变化特征主要表现为耕地、林地与草地的相互转化以及建设用地对三者的挤占,该变化导致流域的破碎度增加,景观连通性降低;(2)研究区的生境质量与生境退化分别从1990年的0.69796,0.13396下降到2015年的0.69562,0.11315;热点分析表明,生境质量的冷点区域主要分布于研究区的上游及城镇周边,生境质量的热点区域主要分布于流域的下游植被分布的区域;(3)流域的生境质量、生境退化与景观格局指数表现出明显的相关性,并且两者与景观格局指数的相关性各异。

Habitat quality is an important component in the study of ecosystem services.Analyzing spatial and temporal characteristic in habitat quality caused by landscape patterns change can provide a scientific basis for landscape optimization and ecological civilization construction.Taking the Chishui River Basin in Guizhou Province as an example,the spatio-temporal characteristics of habitat quality and the coupling relationship with the landscape pattern based from 1990 to 2015 were discussed based on the InVEST model.The results showed that:(1)From 1990 to 2015,the characteristics of land use change in the study area were mainly manifested in conversion among cultivated land,forest land and grassland,and the occupation of construction land.These changes led to an increase in the fragmentation of the watershed and a decrease in landscape connectivity.(2)Habitat quality and habitat degradation in the study area decreased from 0.69796 and 0.13396 in 1990 to 0.69562 and 0.11315 in 2015.Hot spot analysis showed that the cold spot areas of habitat quality were mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the study area and around towns,and the hot spots of habitat quality were mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the basin where vegetation was distributed.(3)The basin’s habitat quality and habitat degradation showed obvious correlation with and landscape pattern index in different ways.