美国幼儿园引导游戏促进幼儿发展的有效性研究述评

A Review of Studies on the Effectiveness of Guided Play in Promoting Early Childhood Development in American Kindergartens

在美国有些幼儿园,自由游戏自身的局限性使其对幼儿发展的有效性和其在幼儿课程中的地位受到了质疑。相关部门提出以教师指导的教学来代替游戏时间,但收效甚微,甚至出现自由游戏和成人教学的两种极端倾向。在严峻形势下,引导游戏应势而生,引导游戏是一种介于成人指导的教学和儿童主导的自由游戏之间的游戏形式,是教师和孩子之间相互指导的合作体验,使幼儿在读写能力、数学、科学、社会情感等方面获得有效发展。

The limitations of free play itself have been questioned for its effectiveness for early childhood development and its place in early childhood curriculum,especially in the United States.Relevant departments put forward to replace the game time with teacherguided teaching.But it has little effect,and even shows up two extreme tendencies of free game and adult teaching.Therefore guided play is born with the extreme situation.Guided play is a form of play between adult-guided teaching and child-led free play.It is a cooperative experience of mutual guidance between teachers and children,which enables children to achieve effective development in literacy,mathematics,science,social emotion and other aspects.