碰撞载荷工况下某城市客车车架拓扑优化设计

Topology optimization design of a city bus frame under collision load

在满足车辆行驶安全的前提下,实现结构的轻量化设计是必不可少的。以某城市混合动力电动客车车架结构为研究对象,对其进行多载荷工况下有限元分析,并考虑正面碰撞载荷工况条件。建立车架的多目标拓扑优化数学模型,采用权重比法确定各子目标函数的权重,最后按照各工况的最佳权重比对车架进行拓扑优化设计,并对新车架结构进行有限元校核。结果表明:优化后的车架减重5.02%,满足轻量化要求,同时新结构达到碰撞安全标准,所提设计方法有效。

Under the premise of satisfying vehicle driving safety,it is essential to realize the lightweight design of the structure.Taking the frame structure of an urban hybrid electric bus as the research object,the finite element analysis under multi-load conditions was carried out,and the frontal collision conditions were considered.A multi-objective topology optimization mathematical model of the frame was established,the weight ratio method was used to determine the weight of each sub-objective function,and finally topology optimization design was performed on the frame according to the best weight ratio of each working condition,and finite element analysis was performed on the new frame structure check.The results show that the optimized frame has a weight reduction of 5.02%,which meets the lightweight requirements,and the new structure meets the collision safety standards,and the proposed design method is effective.