超声定量评估非酒精性脂肪肝病肝脏脂肪变性的研究进展

Research Progress of Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Liver Steatosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的发病率不断上升,如不干预可能演变为脂肪性肝炎、肝硬化,甚至发展成肝细胞癌。目前评估NAFLD肝脏脂肪变性严重程度的金标准是肝活检病理,但有创性限制了其成为大面积筛查的手段。近年来磁共振成像相关检查被作为仅次于肝活检的金标准,但仍存在无法大规模应用的缺点。超声具有简便易行、价格低廉、对身体无伤害等优势,有望成为评估NAFLD的重要检查手段。本文总结了受控衰减参数、声衰减成像、超声肝/肾强度比与肝衰减率、背向散射技术定量评估肝脏脂肪变性的研究现状和进展。

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)keeps on rise.Without intervention,it may develop to steatohepatitis,cirrhosis,and even hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver biopsy,the gold standard for evaluating the steatosis severity of NAFLD,is invasive and unsuitable for large-scale screening.In recent years,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-related examinations have been used as a gold standard only second to liver biopsy,which still have disadvantages in large-scale application.Ultrasound has the advantages of simple operation,low cost,and safety,and may become an important method for accessing NALFD.This review summarizes the current studies about the diagnosis of liver steatosis by quantitative ultrasound assessment,including controlled attenuation parameters,attenuation imaging,ultrasonic liver/kidney intensity ratio and liver attenuation rate,and integrated backscatter.