基于有限元仿真的镗孔刀片优化设计及其性能评估

Optimal Design and Performance Evaluation of Boring Blades Based on the Finite Element Simulation

针对某结构件加工中镗孔刀具性能提升问题,采用参数化设计方法,对切削刃进行了优化设计;同时运用有限元仿真方法对比了不同参数下切削刃的切削性能,实现了镗孔刀片的快速优化设计,缩短了开发周期。在镗孔刀片性能有限元仿真评估中模拟了两刀片同时参与切削的情况,同时结合切削温度的数据获取,实现了实际切削工况的有效还原。镗刀片设计采用了刃口倒棱加刃口钝圆的结构,并从刃口倒棱宽度与倒棱角度两方面进行了有限元性能评估。结果表明:该方法可通过切削温度和切削应力的变化来分析倒棱宽度对切削状态的影响;当刀片倒棱角度过小时,会使得后刀面承受过大应力,加快刀片磨损。

To address the performance improvement issues of boring tools in a structural component,the cutting edge of a boring tool is optimized using the parametric design method.Meanwhile,the cutting performance of boring tools with different geometrical parameters is analyzed using the finite element simulation.In the numerical simulation,the conditions where the two boring blades are simultaneously involved in cutting are simulated,and the effective restoration of the actual cutting conditions is realized by means of the data acquisition of the cutting temperature.The boring blades are designed adopting the structure of chamfered and blunt edges,and their performance evaluation is carried out from the two aspects of the chamfering edge width and angle.The results indicate that this method can analyze the influence of the chamfer width on the cutting state through the changes of cutting temperatures and cutting stresses.When the chamfer angle of the blade is too small,the flank face will undergo excessive stresses,which accelerates the blade wear.