植物局部适应性的研究进展

Research progress on local adaptation in plants

物种在空间异质性环境中容易受到不同的选择压力;如果本地基因型的适合度高于外来基因型,将导致局部适应性的产生。局部适应性强度是由自然选择、基因流以及其它进化力量的相互平衡决定的。局部适应性对于物种能否在快速变化的环境中长期生存非常关键。因此,在全球气候变化背景下,有关局部适应性的研究已逐渐成为进化生物学领域的研究前沿。本文从概念的提出与发展、成因、相关遗传基础及主要研究方法等方面对植物局部适应性这一生物学问题进行综述,探讨了目前主要的研究进展和存在的问题,展望了未来的研究前景,以加深对植物局部适应性及其遗传基础的全面认识与深刻理解。

Divergent local adaptation often occurs in spatially heterogeneous environments.Under distinct selective pressure,where a population occurs,local genotypes have higher fitness in their local habitat than individuals from elsewhere,termed local adaptation.The magnitude of local adaptation is determined by interactions among evolutionary forces,such as selection and gene flow.Local adaptation plays an important role in species persistence in the face of rapid environmental change.Thus,studies on local adaptation have become a research frontier and hot topic in evolutionary biology.To understand the hereditary basis of local adaptation,we summarize recent research advances in plant local adaptation,with discussion on the concept of local adaptation as well as its main driving factors,genetic basis,and popular research methods.We also discuss existing problems and future directions for studies on local adaptation.