生存权的中国表达:双重向度的递进展开

The Progressive Disclosure of the Dual Dimensions of the Right to Subsistence

中国共产党以国家独立富强、人民幸福生活为本,历经百年奋斗,不断丰富和发展中国特色人权体系,其中生存权作为首要的基本人权,表述为国际层面和国内层面的双重向度。目前中国人权话语对生存权国际向度的关注仍待提升,国内向度的内容亦待明确。这不仅在为生存权实践提供理论依据和前进指向时力有不逮,也直接影响中国特色人权体系的完整性,不利于以人权话语宣介中国成就、获取国际认同。因此,在中国特色人权体系中进一步完善生存权双重向度的理论建构至关重要。以国家为主要形式和载体,生存权的国际向度源于人民始自国内、终至国际的诉求,它志在有尊严地立足于国际社会、拥有实现和保障人民各项权利的良好国内外条件和环境。生存权的国内向度以每一个具体的人为关怀,以发展作为人权尺度,锚定于发展轴线的起步阶段,通过满足人的基本生存保障的底线性内容,实现从生存权国内向度到发展权的递进。

Dedicated to the independence and prosperity of the country and the happiness of the people,the Communist Party of China has continuously enriched and developed the human rights system with Chinese characteristics during a century of arduous efforts.The right to subsistence,as the primary basic human right,is expressed from dual dimensions:the international dimension and the domestic dimension.However,the current Chinese human rights discourse hasn’t paid enough attention to the international dimension of the right to subsistence,and its content at the domestic dimension needs further clarification.This not only makes it difficult to provide a sound theoretical basis and development direction for the practices of the right to subsistence but also directly affects the integrity of the human rights system with Chinese characteristics,which is not conducive to using our human rights discourse to disseminate China’s achievements and gain international recognition.Therefore,it is vital to further improve the theory construction of the dual dimensions of the right to subsistence in the human rights system with Chinese characteristics.With the country as the main form and carrier,the international dimension of the right to subsistence originates from the people’s demands emerging from the domestic level and ending at the international level.It aims to be able to stand in the international community with dignity and possess good conditions and environments at home and abroad for the people to exercise and protect their rights.The domestic dimension of the right to subsistence centers on each individual,takes development as the measurement of human rights,and looks at the initial stage of the development axis.The progress from the domestic dimension of the right to subsistence to the right to development is achieved by satisfying the underlying needs for people’s subsistence.This also reflects the progressive deepening of emerging from the inside,responding from the outside,and then moving from the outside to the inside.