从国别审议到普遍定期审议:趋向公正的国际人权机制

From Nation-based Review to Universal Periodic Review:A Fairer International Human Rights Mechanism

人权委员会国别审议中,发达国家主导开展选择性监督,审议发展中国家人权状况,助长了发达国家和发展中国家之间不公平的角色固化,凸显了国际人权机制的不公正不合理。人权理事会普遍定期审议中,发达国家和发展中国家在评价他国人权状况方面处于程序上的对等地位,人权状况评价从选择性走向了普遍性。从国别审议发展到普遍定期审议,是中国等发展中国家合力推动人权理事会内部治理结构优化,进而使其运行逻辑走向正常的结果。普遍定期审议虽然不能即时改变西方人权话语的强势地位,但却为各国平等表达人权话语提供了机制保障,是国际人权机制趋向公正合理的重要表现。

In the nation-based review by the Commission on Human Rights,developed countries lead selective supervision and review the human rights conditions in developing countries,contributing to the inequality in the roles of developed and developing countries and highlighting the unfairness and unreasonableness of the international human rights mechanism.In the universal periodic review by the Human Rights Council,developed countries and developing countries are procedurally equal when evaluating the human rights conditions of other countries,and the evaluation of human rights conditions has transitioned from selective to universal.The development from nation-based review to universal periodic review is the result of China and other developing countries working together to optimize the internal governance structure of the Human Rights Council to rationalize its operational logic.Although the universal periodic review cannot immediately change the strong position of the Western human rights discourse,it safeguards a mechanism for all countries to express their human rights discourse on an equal footing.It is an important manifestation of a fairer and more reasonable international human rights mechanism.