当前德国职业教育改革维度及其发展现状

Dimensions and Development of the Current Vocational Education Reforms in Germany

近十年以来,德国职业教育面临行业格局变迁、技术发展和高学历化等多重挑战,为此德国加紧战略布局,出台指导战略、政策文件和项目计划,重点从三个维度实施改革。首先,在数字化维度,德国打造"职业教育4.0"概念,依托数字化战略和重点项目推进转型。其次,在高学历化维度,德国打通上升渠道,促进职业教育与高等教育相互渗透,推出双元制大学学习、高等职业教育三级进修制和职教学分折算等创新模式。最后,在国际化维度,德国对外输出双元制模式,对内加强与国际接轨,改善对国外职业资格认证和促进培训生获取海外经历。

Since nearly ten years,the German vocational education is facing multiple challenges such as change of industrial branches,technological development and expansion of higher education.In order to foster reforms,it has issued guiding strategies,policy documents and key programs,which focus on three main dimensions:In the digitalization dimension,it has brought forward the concept of"Vocational Education 4.0"and promoted the digital transformation relying on digital strategies and projects.In the academization dimension,it has established three innovative models to promote the mutual penetration of vocational and academic education,namely dual study,three-level advanced training and the conversion of credit points.In the internationalisation dimension,it tries to export its education model and to strengthen the internationalisation level within the country.It has achieved a lot in exporting the successful German dual vocational education system and promoting the oversea experience of trainees.