信息化时代美国K-12个性化学习实施策略研究

Research on the Implementation Strategy of American K-12 Personalized Learning in the Information Age

信息化时代,美国政府将个性化学习作为实现K-12"每位学生成功"的重要路径。为确保个性化学习全面推广,政府提供了政策引领与资金支持,学校和学区提供了资源保障与人力支持,家庭、社区和非营利性组织积极参与,形成了自上而下的完备支持系统。在具体实施过程中,美国各地区和K-12学校通过建立学习者档案并制定学习计划、整合开放教育资源和利用自适应平台、创建灵活的学习环境、提倡基于能力的智能化评估四大实施路径来实现学习目标、学习内容、学习方式和学习评估的个性化。目前,美国K-12个性化学习的实施仍处于探索阶段,面临数据系统处理能力不足、基础设施质量欠佳、教师发展支持力度不够、新型评估方式推广困难等方面的现实困境。

In the information age,the US government has taken personalized learning as an important path to achieve K-12"every student success".In order to ensure the comprehensive promotion of personalized learning,the government provided policy guidance and financial support,schools and school districts provided resource guarantee and manpower support,and families,communities and non-profit organizations actively participated,forming a comprehensive support system from the top to the bottom.In the concrete implementation process,all regions and K-12 schools in the United States achieve the personalization of learning goals,learning content,learning styles and learning assessment by four implementation paths of establishing learner profiles and developing learning plans,integrating open educational resources and adaptive platforms,creating a flexible learning environment,and advocating competency-based intelligent assessment.At present,the implementation of K-12 personalized learning in the United States is still in the exploratory stage,facing many practical difficulties such as insufficient processing capacity of data system,poor quality of infrastructure,insufficient support for teacher development,and difficulty in popularizing new assessment methods.