陕西省麻风流行病学现状:诊断延迟和高畸残率

Epidemiological status of leprosy in Shaanxi:delayed diagnosis and high disability rate

目的:了解陕西省1998-2018年麻风的流行病学现状,特别是诊断延迟和畸残情况.方法:通过全国麻风防治管理信息系统(LEPMIS)收集陕西省1998-2018年麻风患者资料,采用SPSS 19.0软件对新/复发病例年发现率、年患病率等相关因素进行χ^(2)检验.结果:陕西省1998-2018年共发现新、复发麻风542例,年发现率从1998年的0.092/10^(5)下降到2018年的0.029/10^(5),年患病率从10.309/10^(5)下降到0.134/10^(5),均呈下降趋势.477例新发麻风,2例14岁儿童病例,148例(31%)为2级畸残.新发病例的平均诊断延迟期2018年(47.6个月)比1998年(64.0个月)减少25.63%.结论:陕西省麻风流行状态总体呈下降趋势,但2级畸残率高且出现儿童病例,需继续强化麻风的早期诊断和治疗,缩短诊断延迟期,降低畸残率.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological situation of leprosy in Shaanxi Province from 1998 to 2018,especially delayed diagnosis and disability rate.Methods:The data of new and recurrent leprosy patients in Shaanxi from 1998 to 2018 were collected through the National Leprosy Management Information System(LEPMIS).The related factors such as annual detection rate,annual prevalence rate and so on were analyzed byχ^(2)test of SPSS 19.0 software.Results:A total of 542 new and recurrent leprosy patients were found in Shaanxi from 1998 to 2018.The average annual detection rate declined from 0.092/10^(5)in 1998 to 0.029/10^(5)in 2018,and the average annual prevalence rate declined from 10.309/10^(5)to 0.134/10^(5),showing a downward trend.Of 477 new leprosy patients,2 were 14-year-old children,31%was grade 2 disability.The average delay in diagnosis of new cases decreased by 25.63%from 1998(47.6 months)to 2018(64 months).Conclusion:The prevalence of leprosy in Shaanxi was generally declining,but with a high level 2 disability ratio and the cases occur in children.Early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy need to be continued to strengthen in order to shorten diagnostic delay of and reduce the disability ratio.