中国共产党农业合作化道路的百年回溯:理论创新及经验启示

Centennial Retrospection of Agricultural Cooperation Road of the Communist Party of China:Theoretical Innovation and Experience Enlightenment

农业合作化道路的探索与实践贯穿了中国共产党百年历史进程,主要经历了新民主主义革命时期的开创与奠定、社会主义革命和建设时期的曲折与前进、改革开放时期的创新与发展以及新时代的推进与深化四个发展阶段。百年来,党对合作化性质的认识日益成熟,对合作化发展中公有制的理解更切实际,对农民首创精神愈加尊重,逐渐从传统合作化走向新型合作化,丰富完善了合作化的理论体系。百年大党探索农业合作化道路的经验启示,为新时代农业合作化发展提供了重要的现实指引:必须遵循生产力与生产关系辩证运动的规律;注重合作化发展与土地制度的变革相联系;坚持和完善统分结合的双层经营体制;坚持以维护和增进农民利益为根本导向。

The exploration and practice of the road of agricultural cooperation has run through the Centennial historical process of the Communist Party of China. It has mainly experienced four development stages: the creation and establishment of the new democratic revolution period, the difficulities and progress of the socialist revolution and construction period, the innovation and development of the reform and opening up period, and the promotion and deepening of the new era. Over the past century, the party’s understanding of the nature of cooperation has become more mature, its understanding of public ownership in the development of cooperation is more practical, its respect for farmers’ initiative has become more mature, and it has gradually moved from traditional cooperation to new cooperation, enriching and perfecting the theoretical system of cooperation. The experience and enlightenment of the Centennial great party in exploring the road of agricultural cooperation provides important practical guidance for the development of agricultural cooperation in the new era: we should follow the law of dialectical movement of productivity and production relations, pay attention to the connection between cooperative development and the reform of land system, adhere to and improve the two-tier management system of unification and separation, and adhere to the fundamental orientation of safeguarding and enhancing farmers’ interests.