灵芝三萜对鼻咽癌小鼠免疫功能及T细胞亚群分化的影响

Effects of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma Lucidum on Immune Function and Differentiation of T Cell Subsets in Mice with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

目的:探讨灵芝三萜对鼻咽癌小鼠免疫功能及T细胞亚群分化的影响。方法:65只小鼠留取10只作为对照组,其余55只建立鼻咽癌小鼠模型,成功建模的44只小鼠随机分为模型组、干扰素组、低剂量组、高剂量组,每组11只。低、高剂量组小鼠分别灌胃25、50 mg/kg灵芝三萜溶液,1次/d;干扰素组小鼠肌内注射40000 U/mL干扰素,隔天1次;模型组、对照组小鼠灌胃0.2 mL/10 g生理盐水,1次/d;持续4周。观察各组小鼠一般状况,解剖小鼠并取胸腺、脾脏,计算肿瘤质量、抑瘤率、胸腺指数、脾脏指数;ELISA法测定血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量,以及血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)含量;采用流式细胞仪检测小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群。结果:与对照组比较,模型组小鼠行动迟缓,皮毛蓬松无光泽,饮食下降,体质量因瘤体增大而增加;低剂量组、高剂量组、干扰素组小鼠均有所改善。与模型组比较,干扰素组、低剂量组、高剂量组小鼠肿瘤质量降低(P<0.05),且低剂量组>高剂量组>干扰素组;与模型组比较,干扰素组、低剂量组、高剂量组小鼠抑瘤率升高(P<0.05),且低剂量组<高剂量组<干扰素组。与模型组比较,干扰素组、低剂量组、高剂量组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、血清IgA、血清IgG、血清IgM水平均升高(P<0.05),且低剂量组<高剂量组<干扰素组。与模型组比较,干扰素组、低剂量组、高剂量组小鼠血清IL-10、TGF-β水平均降低(P<0.05),且低剂量组>高剂量组>干扰素组。与模型组比较,干扰素组、低剂量组、高剂量组小鼠脾脏CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞占比及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值均升高(P<0.05),且低剂量组<高剂量组<干扰素组。结论:灵芝三萜可改善鼻咽癌小鼠免疫功能,其作用机制可能与调节T细胞亚群分化有关。

Objective:To investigate the effects of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum on immune function and differentiation of T cell subsets in mice with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:10 mice were taken from65 mice as control group,and the other 55 mice were used to establish the mouse model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.44 mice successfully modeled were randomly divided into model group,interferon group,low-dose group and high-dose group,with 11 mice in each group.Mice in the low and high-dose groups were given 25 and 50 mg/kg triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum solution,once a day for 4 weeks.Mice in the interferon group were injected intramuscularly with 40000 U/mL interferon,once every other day for 4 weeks.The mice in the model group and the control group were intragastrically administered 0.2 mL/10 g normal saline,once a day for 4 weeks.The general condition of mice in each group was observed.The thymus and spleen were dissected and the tumor mass,tumor inhibition rate,thymus index and spleen index were calculated.The levels of serum im munoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IGA),immunoglobulin M(IgM),interleukin-10(IL-10)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were measured by ELISA.T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the control group,the mice in the model group moved slowly,their fur was loose and dull,their diet decreased,and their body mass increased due to the enlargement of the tumor.The mice in the low-dose,high-dose,and interferon groups all improved.Compared with the model group,the tumor quality of mice in the interferon group,low-dose group,and high-dose group was decreased(P<0.05),and low-dose group>high-dose group>interferon group.Compared with the model group,the tumor inhibition rate of mice in the interferon group,low-dose group and high-dose group was increased(P<0.05),and low-dose group<high-dose group<interferon group.Compared with the model group,the thymus index,spleen index,serum IgA,serum IgG and serum IgM levels in interferon group,low-dose group and high-dose group were increased(P<0.05),and low-dose group<high-dose group<interferon group.Compared with the model group,The levels of serum IL-10 and TGF-βin interferon group,low-dose group and high-dose group were decreased(P<0.05),and low-dose group>high-dose group>interferon group.Compared with the model group,the proportion of spleen CD3^(+),CD4^(+)T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)in interferon group,low-dose group and high-dose group were increased(P<0.05),and low-dose group<high-dose group<interferon group.Conclusion:Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum can improve the immune function of nasopharyngeal carcinoma mice,and its mechanism may be related to regulating the differentiation of T cell subsets.