我国烟草根结线虫病发生与防治研究进展

Research progress on the occurrence and control of tobacco root knot nematode in China

烟草根结线虫病是一种严重影响烟叶产量和质量的重要病害之一。近年来,随着烟叶种植布局的优化调整以及大气温室效应的影响,烟草根结线虫病在全国各烟区的危害逐年加重,因此必须加强对烟草根结线虫病的发生与防治研究。本文详细综述了我国烟草根结线虫病的发生分布、危害损失、致病机制、发病规律及防治措施等研究进展,并对烟草根结线虫的鉴定技术、协同致病、抗病育种以及新型防控技术进行了总结和展望。明确了我国烟草根结线虫病优势种为南方根结线虫,并且多种根结线虫混发的现象逐步增加。同时,发现由烟草根结线虫病诱发的多种其他根茎类病害的危害逐年加重。通过加强烟草根结线虫发生动态监测、合理布局抗病品种、应用针对性的农业防治、生态防治和生物防治等综合防治措施,可以逐步实现对烟草根结线虫病的绿色防控,从而促进烟草产业的健康发展。

Root knot nematode is one of the most important diseases that seriously affect the yield and quality of tobacco.With the optimization and adjustment of tobacco cultivation pattern and the influence of atmospheric greenhouse effect,the harm of tobacco root-knot nematode is increasing year by year in most tobacco growing areas of China.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the research on the occurrence and control of tobacco root knot nematode.In this paper,the occurrence and distribution,damage loss,pathogenic mechanism,pathogenesis and control measures of tobacco root knot nematode were reviewed in detail.The identification technology,synergistic pathogenicity,resistance breeding and new prevention and control technology of tobacco root knot nematode were summarized and prospected.The dominant species of tobacco root-knot nematode in China was identified as Meloidogyne incongnita,and the phenomenon of mixed of occurrence of various root-knot nematodes increased gradually,meanwhile,it was also found that many other root and stem diseases caused by tobacco root-knot nematode increased year by year.Therefore,the green prevention and control of tobacco root-knot nematode disease can be realized through strengthening the dynamic monitoring of tobacco root knot nematode occurrence,rational distribution of resistant varieties,application of targeted agricultural control,ecological control and biological control and other comprehensive control measures,so as to promote the healthy development of tobacco industry in China.