安徽省小麦白粉菌群体的毒性监测和分析

Monitoring and analysis of virulence of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici population in Anhui Province

为明确近年来安徽省小麦白粉病菌群体的毒性及其变化,利用41个鉴别寄主对安徽省2010、2015和2019年小麦白粉菌群体进行了毒性监测和分析。研究结果表明,病菌群体对抗性基因(组合)Pm3c、Pm5a、Pm7、Pm19、Pm3d、Pm17、Pm6、Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3f、Pm8、Pm1+2+9和Pm3e的平均毒性频率大于70%,表明这些抗性基因或组合在安徽省小麦生产上已丧失抗性,不能在抗病育种中继续使用;对Pm12、Pm21、Pm16、Pm1c、Pm35、Pm13和Pm2+MLD的毒性频率小于20%,这些抗性基因(组合)仍具有良好的抗性,可在抗病育种中加以利用。安徽省小麦白粉菌毒性数据的主成分分析结果表明,2010、2015和2019年病菌群体毒性结构总体上可看成一个群体,但年份间病菌群体毒性结构具有一定的差异,应加强安徽省小麦白粉菌群体毒性的持续监测工作。研究结果对安徽省小麦白粉病的抗病育种及品种的合理布局具有指导意义。

In order to clarify the virulence change of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici population in Anhui Pro-vince in recent years,forty-one differential hosts were used to monitor and analyze the virulence of Blumeria graminis population in Anhui Province in 2010,2015 and 2019.The results showed that the average virulence frequencies of the pathogen population to the resistance genes or combinations Pm3c,Pm5 a,Pm7,Pm19,Pm3 d,Pm17,Pm6,Pm1 a,Pm3 a,Pm3f,Pm8,Pm1+2+9 and Pm3 e were higher than 70%,indicating that these genes or combinations had lost their resistance in wheat production in Anhui Province and could not be used in wheat breeding for disease resistance.The virulence frequencies of Pm12,Pm21,Pm16,Pm1 c,Pm35,Pm13 and Pm2+MLD were lower than 20%,indicating that these genes or combinations had good resistance and could be used in wheat breeding for disease resistance.The results of principal component analysis of the virulence data of Blumeria graminis showed that the virulence structures of the populations in 2010,2015 and 2019 could be regarded as a group on a whole,but there were some differences among the populations in the three years.So the continuous monitoring of the pathogen population virulence in Anhui Province should be strengthened.It will be helpful for the prediction of wheat powdery mildew,wheat breeding for disease resistance and the rational distribution of wheat varieties in Anhui Province.