鱼类肠道微生物与宿主免疫系统相互作用研究进展

Advances in the interactions between intestinal microorganisms and host immune system in fish

鱼类肠道中存在大量微生物,对于维持宿主健康具有重要作用。鱼类免疫系统能够监视并调控肠道微生物组成,维持肠道菌群稳态。同时,鱼类肠道共生微生物调节鱼类免疫系统,抑制病原微生物的过度增殖,保证宿主的健康。本文回顾了鱼类肠道微生物与宿主免疫系统相互作用的研究进展,重点介绍了宿主免疫系统识别肠道微生物、塑造肠道菌群以及益生菌对宿主免疫和肠道菌群的调控等,提出了理想的益生菌应该来自动物自身胃肠道,生产中应谨慎选用非宿主来源的益生菌,以期为推动鱼类肠道功能微生物开发和应用提供理论支撑。

There are a large number of microorganisms in the intestine of fish,which play an key role in maintaining host health.The fish immune system can monitor and regulate the intestinal microbial composition and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal flora.At the same time,the intestinal commensal microorganisms regulate the fish immune system,control the excessive proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms,and ensure the health of the host.This paper reviewed the progress of interactions between intestinal microorganisms and the host immune system in fish,and focusing on the host immune system sensing intestinal microbes,host immune system shaping intestinal microbiota,probiotics regulating host immunity and intestinal microbiota,etc.It is suggested that the ideal probiotics should be derived from the gastrointestinal tract of fish and the non-host derived probiotics should be carefully selected in aquaculture application.This paper would provide theoretical supports for the future researches on the development and application of intestinal functional microbes in fish.