成都双元村154号大墓出土巴蜀文化印章研究

Seals of the Ba-Shu Culture Unearthed from Tomb 154 at the Shuangyuancun Cemetery in Chengdu

成都双元村M154大墓出土骨印背面并立两罍两钟或两罍的形象,是巴蜀文化中具有特殊重要意义的罍与钟的象形。罍与钟是是蜀人礼乐文化的最重要的象征。拥有钟、罍这二种蜀文化礼制核心器物并拥有祭祀权者,无疑是蜀文化社会中的上层权贵。印上的罍、钟的形象组合应该可以视作巴蜀印章上“■”与“■”符号组合的实物表现,双元村骨印可能处在巴蜀符号创制过程中由实物向符号过渡的阶段,在讨论巴蜀符号的生成与发展过程的课题中具有重大的意义。根据印章符号及墓葬器物组合等,本文认为双元村M154墓与马家大墓、成都商业街大墓之间存在极为密切的联系。

On the back of bone-made seals unearthed from tomb M154 at the Shuangyuancun cemetery,there are images of two lei-wine jar or two lei-wine jar and two bells,which are clearly symbolic and of special importance in the Ba-Shu culture.Both lei-wine jar and bells were the most important symbols to the music and ritual of the Shu people.Only the nobles who maintained important social status in the Shu societies can own both bells and lei-wine jars and be the host of rituals and ceremonials.The images of lei-wine jar and bells on the seals can be seen as materialized objects of the symbols(■ and ■).It suggests to us that the seals unearthed from the Shuangyuancun cemetery may have evidenced the transition from objects to symbols,which therefore has important implications for understanding the use and development of symbols in the Ba-Shu societies.Given the symbols on the seals and the mortuary artifactual combination,we propose that tomb M154 at the Shuangyuancun cemetery has very close connections with the grand tombs discovered at Majia and the Commercial Street of Chengdu.