偏沅巡抚在湖南建省中的作用探析

Preliminary Study on the Role of Pianyuan Governor in Establishing Hunan Province

湖南建省(湖广分省)并非一蹴而就,而是逐步完成的。考察湖南建省应该以“省”的军政首脑——巡抚以及其衙署的变迁为主要参照。其他如布政使、按察使、学政等均是巡抚的属官,他们的废设对建省、成省并不是决定性因素。在湖广分省、湖南建省过程中,偏沅巡抚起到十分重要的作用。因此,湖南建省(湖广分省)始于巡抚分治,偏沅巡抚设立之初,负责代理湖广巡抚属地职责,到与湖广巡抚划区分治,再到更名为湖南巡抚,实际上是湖南建省(湖广分省)的过程。

The establishment of Hunan province(the division of Huguang province)was not done overnight,but gradually completed.The change of military and political leader of the“province”and his government office should be taken as the primary reference to investigate the establishment of Hunan province.Other officials,such as commissariat,inspection commissariat and academic commissariat,were subordinate to the governor,and their establishment and abolition was not a decisive factor in establishing or forming a province.The governor of Pianyuan played a very important role in the process of dividing Huguang province and establishing Hunan province.Therefore,the establishment of Hunan province(the division of Huguang province),beginning from the early period of establishing Pianyuan governor responsible for acting Huguang governor territorial responsibilities,to the period of Huguang governor administrating dividing territory before renamed as Hunan governor,is actually the process of establishing Hunan province(the division of Huguang province).