深松对半干旱区土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield in Semi-arid Area

为改善土壤物理结构,促进半干旱区农业节本增效,本试验设置不深松、春深松30和40 cm处理,秋深松30和40 cm处理,探究深松对土壤容重、土壤含水量、三相比及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同处理土壤容重和土壤含水量差异达到显著水平。秋深松30和40 cm处理、春深松30和40 cm处理各土层土壤容重的平均值较CK分别降低10.22%、9.49%、4.38%和5.11%。各土层土壤含水量的平均值较CK分别增加16.15%、19.94%、2.49%和6.75%;(2)不同处理在不同土层深度的固相、液相和气相值差异达到显著水平。与CK相比,秋深松40 cm土壤固相略有升高,而秋深松30 cm、春深松30和40 cm处理的土壤固相分别降低了1.22%、21.14%和13.84%。秋深松30和40 cm、春深松30和40 cm土壤液相较CK分别增加9.76%、4.48%、17.75%和21.61%。秋深松30和40 cm土壤气相处理较CK略有降低,春深松30和40 cm处理土壤气相高于CK处理;(3)不同处理穗长和行粒数无显著差异,穗粗和穗行数差异达到显著水平。秋深松30和40 cm处理的穗粗较CK均增加6.45%,穗行数较CK增加5.50%和4.06%。春深松30和40 cm处理的穗粗较CK增加0.65%和6.02%。穗行数较CK增加2.19%和1.38%。不同处理产量表现为秋深松40 cm>秋深松30 cm>春深松40 cm>春深松30 cm>CK。秋深松40和30 cm较CK增产14.80%和11.05%。春深松40和30 cm较CK增产9.39%和8.90%。由此可见,秋季深松在降低土壤容重、提高土壤保水蓄水和玉米产量能力上都优于春季深松,在半干旱地区玉米种植生产中更推荐采用秋季深松。

In order to improve soil physical structure and promote agricultural cost saving and efficiency in semi-arid area,in this experiment,no subsoiling,spring subsoiling 30 and 40 cm treatments and autumn subsoiling 30 and 40 cm treatments were set to explore the effects of subsoiling on soil bulk density,soil water content,three-phase ratio and corn yield.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in soil bulk density and soil water content among different treatments.Compared with CK,the average soil bulk density of autumn deep pine 30 and 40 cm,spring deep pine 30 and 40 cm treatments decreased by 10.22%,9.49%,4.38%and 5.11%respectively.The average value of soil water content in each soil layer increased by 16.15%,19.94%,2.49%and 6.75%compared with CK.(2)The difference of solid phase,liquid phase and gas phase values of the same treatment at different soil depths reached a significant level.Compared with CK,the soil solid phase of autumn subsoiling 40 cm increased slightly,while the soil solid phase of autumn subsoiling 30 cm,spring subsoiling 30 and 40 cm decreased by 1.22%,21.14%and 13.84%respectively.Compared with CK,the soil liquid of autumn subsoiling 30 and 40 cm,spring subsoiling 30 and 40 cm increased by 9.76%,4.48%,17.75%and 21.61%.The soil gas phase of autumn subsoiling 30 and 40 cm was slightly lower than CK,and the soil gas phase of spring subsoiling 30 and 40 cm was higher than CK.(3)There was no significant difference in ear length and grain number per row among different treatments,but the difference in ear diameter and row number per ear reached a significant level.The ear diameter of autumn subsoiling 30 and 40 cm increased by 6.45%and the number of rows per ear increased by 5.50%and 4.06%compared with CK.Compared with CK,the ear diameter of spring subsoiling 30 and 40 cm increased by 0.65%and 6.02%.The number of rows per panicle increased by 2.19%and 1.38%compared with CK.Yield sequence showed that:autumn subsoiling 40 cm>autumn subsoiling 30 cm>spring subsoiling 40 cm>spring subsoiling 30 cm>CK.The yield of autumn subsoiling 40 and 30 cm increased by 14.80%and 11.05%compared with CK.The yield of spring subsoiling 40 and 30 cm increased by 9.38%and 8.90%compared with CK.It can be seen that autumn subsoiling is better than spring subsoiling in reducing bulk density,improving soil moisture and maize yield.Autumn subsoiling is more recommended in maize planting in semi-arid area.