五味子成花特性及花粉离体萌发培养基优化

Floral Formation Characteristics of Schisandra chinensis and Optimization of Pollen Germination Medium in vitro

为促进五味子栽培育种,通过对五味子花期和小孢子发育过程的观察及花芽分化过程中营养物质变化规律,对五味子成花特性进行了研究。并通过单因素试验和正交试验,对五味子花粉离体萌发培养基进行了优化。结果表明:辽宁省五味子花期为4月23日-5月5日;其花药横切面呈蝶形,每枚雄蕊具有4个小孢子囊,同一花内小孢子发育基本同步;花芽分化过程中叶片总糖和游离氨基酸在不同枝类叶片含量变化趋势基本一致,但含量高低存在显著差异;花粉萌发的最佳培养基配方为30 mg·L^(-1)硼酸、7.5 g·L^(-1)蔗糖、50 mg·L^(-1)氯化钙,此配方下北五味子花粉萌发率最高,达49.84%,花粉管长度为83.35μm。培养基中添加30 mg·L^(-1)硼酸、5.0 g·L^(-1)蔗糖、40 mg·L^(-1)氯化钙,花粉管长度最大,达161.29μm,花粉萌发率为42.81%。

In order to promote the cultivation and breeding of Schisandra chinensis,the flowering characteristics were studied by observing the florescence and microspore development process and the changes of nutrients in the process of flower bud differentiation.And through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the in vitro germination medium of pollen was optimized.The results showed that the flowering period of S.chinensis in Liaoning Province was from April 23rd to May 5th;the cross-section of its anthers was butterfly-shaped,and each stamen had 4 microsporangia,and the development of microspores in the same flower was basically synchronous;the leaves were in the process of flower bud differentiation.The change trend of total sugar and free amino acid content in leaves of different branches was basically the same,but there were significant differences in content;the best medium formula for pollen germination:30 mg·L^(-1) boric acid,7.5 g·L^(-1) sucrose and 50 mg·L^(-1) calcium chloride,the pollen germination rate was the highest,reaching 49.84%,and the pollen tube length was 83.35μm.30 mg·L^(-1) boric acid,5.0 g·L^(-1) sucrose,and 40 mg·L^(-1) calcium chloride,the pollen tube length was the largest,reaching 161.29μm,and the pollen germination rate was 42.81%.