防范重大新发突发传染病跨境输入的新思考

Further insights for prevention of cross-border importation of major new or sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases

《中华人民共和国生物安全法》首次提出重大新发突发传染病的概念。本文结合近年全球关注的公共卫生事件,概述了重大新发突发传染病特点;分析了重大新发突发传染病风险因素,特别是病原体的变异加重疫情跨境传播风险,可能的超级传播者显著影响疫情扩散,"环境传人"等因素使疫情防控难度加大,高发、多种传染病流行叠加造成疫情波动。在此基础上,本文从重视顶层设计、风险研判、口岸公共卫生核心能力建设等方面提出口岸卫生检疫防范重大新发突发传染病从境外输入的应对措施和建议。

For the first time,the concept of major new or sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases was presented in“Biosecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China”. With study of recent international major public health events,the characteristics of major new or sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases were described briefly in this paper. The risk factors were investigated,especially those caused by mutated variants which could exacerbate cross-border trans-mission,the epidemic was affected significantly by substantial number of probable super-spreaders. Due to the risk factors such as environment-borne transmission,it was difficult to contain the epidemic. The fluctuations of epidemic may be superimposed by high occurrence and multiple of infectious diseases. Therefore,the countermeasures about health quarantine for containment of major new or sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases at port were provided from the aspects of upper design,risk analysis,building of core capacity for public health at port.