基于引文网络的知识基因扩散研究

Meme Diffusion Based on Citation Network

【目的/意义】从微观层面研究科学文献中的知识扩散过程,对深入理解科学知识体系构建具有重要意义。【方法/过程】以“知识基因”作为文献中知识片段的具象刻画,以“本体(ontology)”研究领域为对象,采用一种基于引用过程的知识基因提取方法提取科学文献中的知识基因,并从知识基因、文献、学科三个层面,由微观到宏观探讨了知识的产生、扩散过程。【结果/结论】研究发现,随着时间推移,知识基因间的扩散能力差距不断拉大,新产生的知识基因在向“少而精”的方向发展;文献间的知识基因含量和知识基因扩散能力均存在显著差异;在涉及“本体”研究的核心学科之间,存在以计算机科学为中心和以生物工程学、应用微生物学为中心的两个知识基因扩散特征相异的集团。【创新/局限】将观测知识扩散的视角下移至知识基因,从一种更精确的微观角度追踪知识扩散和知识体系构建过程。但目前的研究尚未涉及文法、结构等隐形知识基因的形成与扩散。

【Purpose/significance】Studying the process of knowledge diffusion among scientific literature from a micro-level is of great significance for understanding the construction of scientific knowledge deeply.【Method/process】To use‘meme’as a concrete characterization of knowledge units in the literature,this paper studies papers of‘ontology’.We discussed the process of knowledge innovation and diffusion from three levels—meme,literature,and subjects.【Result/conclusion】The study found that the old memes show a larger gap in their propagate capacity,and the newly generated knowledge memes are“less but refined”;meme content and meme spreading capacity are significantly different among the literature;among the core subjects related to‘ontology’,there are two groups with different meme diffusion characteristics—one centered on Computer Science,the other centered on Biotechnology&Applied Microbiology.【Innovation/limitation】This paper changes the perspective of observing knowledge diffusion down to meme,and traces the process of knowledge diffusion as well as the construction of knowledge system from a more precise micro-level.However,the current research has not involved the innovation and diffusion of invisible memes,such as grammar and structure of the literature.