我国乡村治理的政策演变与未来取向

Policy evolution and future orientation of rural governance in China

在工业化和城镇化发展带动下,我国乡村治理的基础发生了深刻变化。党中央和国务院高度重视乡村治理工作,对乡村治理政策进行三大调整,即改革和规范自上而下的纵向治理方式,建立和规范村民自治的横向治理方式,健全和规范社会参与的多元协同治理方式。未来15年,我国在乡村治理上还面临艰巨挑战,需要解决的突出问题为:乡村分化、乡风文明、社会管理、公共服务、治理方式等。未来15年,完善我国乡村治理政策,建议要处理好国家治理、乡镇治理和村庄自治的关系,完善乡村治理框架,确立乡村治理标准;从以强调村民自治为主转向强调法治优先,实行分类分级治理,健全乡村治理体系;推进结构调整,加强长期投资,为乡村人口特别是边远落后地区的乡村人口,提供产业扶持和就业帮助,使其能从中得到相对理想的收入;以技术进步推进乡村管理和服务的变革,建设乡村大数据,强化严格管理;推进基层实践创新与顶层设计相结合,促进治理方式转变,创新乡村服务。

Driven by industrialization and urbanization,the foundation of rural governance in China has undergone profound changes.The CPC Central Committee and The State Council have attached great importance to rural governance and made three major adjustments to rural governance policies,namely,reforming and standardizing top-down vertical governance,establishing and standardizing horizontal governance of villagers’autonomy,and improving and standardizing diversified collaborative governance with social participation.In the next 15 years,China will still be faced with arduous challenges in rural governance.The outstanding problems to be solved are:rural differentiation,local customs and civilization,social management,public service,governance and so on.In the next 15 years,we should improve the policy of rural governance in China.It is suggested that we should deal with the relationship between national governance,township governance and village autonomy,improve the framework of rural governance,and establish rural governance standards;we should shift the emphasis on villager autonomy to priority of the rule of law,categorize and tier governance and improve the rural governance system;we should promote structural adjustment,strengthen long-term investment,and provide industrial support and employment assistance to rural people,especially those in remote and backward areas,so that they can get relatively ideal incomes;we should promote the reform of rural management and services with technological progress,build big data in rural areas,and strengthen strict management;we should combine practical innovation at the grassroots level with top-level design,promote the transformation of governance,and make innovations in rural services.