后疫情时代降低用能成本推动经济高质量发展的效果及机制

The effect and mechanism of reducing energy cost to promote high-quality economic development in the post-pandemic era

后疫情时代如何实现经济高质量发展是政府和学术界共同关注的重要问题。运用非参数方法测算100个样本城市的绿色能源效率,利用价差法估计中国电力交叉补贴的演化,分析工业电价降低对经济高质量发展的影响。研究发现:(1)中国2006—2019年电力交叉补贴呈现倒“U”型,各地区的绿色能源效率均值为0.276;(2)电力交叉补贴对能源效率具有负向影响,不利于经济高质量发展;(3)企业用能成本降低,减少价格扭曲、推动效率提升主要依靠纯技术效率的提升;(4)不同降费阶梯对能源效率、工业产值与GDP增速、碳排放、社会总福利等经济高质量发展指标的影响存在异质性。因此,提出如下建议:(1)积极采取措施减少环境污染物排放,提升中国的能源效率,特别是纯技术效率;(2)在后疫情时代为助力经济高质量发展,政府应该因地制宜,实施“差异化”政策;(3)政府应分阶段降低交叉补贴,引入新技术以转变能源利用方式,增强能源科技技术转化。

How to achieve high-quality economic development in the post-pandemic era is an important concern to both the government and the academia.The non-parametric method is used to measure the green energy efficiency of 100 sample cities,the price difference method is used to estimate the evolution of China’s electricity cross-subsidy,analyzing the impact of industrial electricity price reduction on high-quality economic development.This study finds that:(1)China’s electricity cross-subsidy from 2006 to 2019 presents an inverted“U”shape,and the average green energy efficiency of each region is 0.276;(2)electricity cross-subsidy has a negative impact on energy efficiency and is not conducive to high-quality economic development;(3)the reduction of energy cost,price distortion of enterprises and the promotion of efficiency mainly depend on the improvement of pure technical efficiency;(4)there is heterogeneity in the impact of different fee reduction steps on energy efficiency,industrial output and GDP growth,carbon emissions,total social welfare and other high-quality economic development indicators.Therefore,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:(1)the government should actively take measures to reduce environmental pollutant emissions and improve China’s energy efficiency,especially pure technical efficiency;(2)the government should implement different policies based on local conditions and to implement a differentiation policy to promote high-quality economic development in the post-pandemic era;(3)the government should reduce cross-subsidies in stages,introduce new technologies to transform the way of using energy,and enhance the transformation of energy technology.