天然有机土壤改良剂对三七品质的影响

Effects of natural organic soil amendments on quality of Panax notoginseng

通过田间试验研究4种天然有机土壤改良剂对三七品质及农残重金属的影响并筛选出4种土壤改良剂合适的用量配比,为三七无公害栽培提供新方向。试验所用4种天然有机土壤改良剂为基施宝、激活、腐毒净及全能营养素,由不同植物地上部分、生物废渣及生物炭等混合发酵产生。试验过程中三七不使用任何农药和肥料仅使用4种新型土壤改良剂,试验为4因素3水平,基施宝(A)、激活(B)、腐毒净(C)、全能营养素(D)均设有低、中、高3个用量梯度,当其中1种土壤改良剂用量变化时,其余土壤改良剂用量均为中用量,以不使用土壤改良剂处理为对照(CK),共10个处理。实验结果表明,使用4种土壤改良剂能显著改善三七生长环境,提高三七存苗率及皂苷含量,其中处理组存苗率高出对照组8.24%~30.05%。此外,三七中农残及重金属含量极低,农残无法检出,重金属含量远低于2020版《中国药典》标准。4种土壤改良剂用量配比以均为中用量时最佳,皂苷含量最大,且存苗率较高,铅镉砷汞等重金属均显著降低。

The effects of four natural organic soil amendments on the quality and pesticide residues of Panax notoginseng were investigated through field experiments and the suitable dosage ratio of each soil amendment was selected to provide a new idea for the pollution-free cultivation of P. notoginseng. The four natural organic soil amendments used in this study were Jishibao, Jihuo, Fudujing, and omnipotent nutrients, which were produced by mixed fermentation of aboveground parts of different plants, biological waste residue, and biochar. During the experiments, only four soil amendments were applied to P. notoginseng instead of any pesticides and fertilizers. The experiment was designed as four factors and three levels. There were three dosage gradients(low, medium, and high) for Jishibao(A), Jihuo(B), Fudujing(C), and omnipotent nutrients(D). When the dosage of one soil amendment changed, the do-sage of the other soil amendments remained medium. There were 10 groups in addition to the soil amendment-free group as control(CK). The results showed that the four soil amendments could significantly improve the growth environment of P. notoginseng and increase the seedling survival rate and saponin content of P. notoginseng. The seedling survival rates of the treatment groups increased by 8.24%-30.05% as compared with the control group. Furthermore, the content of pesticide residues in P. notoginseng was too low to be detected, and that of heavy metals in P. notoginseng was far lower than the specified content in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). The optimal effect was achieved at medium dosage for all the soil amendments with the highest content of saponins, high seedling survival rate, and significantly reduced heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury.