三星堆遗址出土玉石器的成分检测及相关问题分析

A Test Report on the Formulae of the Jade and Stone Objects Unearthed at the Sanxingdui Ruin Site and Other Related Issues

三星堆文化具有鲜明的地域特征,为探索遗址出土的玉石器材质及其所反映的文化特征,本研究运用手持式X射线荧光分析仪和手持式拉曼分析仪,对四川广汉三星堆博物馆的364件玉石器进行了检测和分析。结果显示:三星堆玉石器的玉料以闪石玉("软玉")为主,属于狭义的"玉石";其他玉料包括蛇纹石玉、玛瑙、大理岩、石英岩等,属于广义的"玉石";另有一定比例的砂岩、灰岩、板岩等"石质"材料。材质的组合和比例符合四川地区闪石玉的成矿原理,具备原料"就地取材"的条件。在主要器形中,玉凿的玉质显著好于玉璋和玉戈,体现了玉料选取与器形具有一定的相关性。此外,三星堆一号坑出土玉器的玉料和器形多样性均较二号坑低。

The report presents the test result of 364 pieces of jade and stone objects unearthed at the Sanxingdui ruin site with the typical regional cultural features with the detective instruments including portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and portable Raman spectrometer,the details are as follows:Relatively speaking,the jade stone objects with the typical regional cultural containing amphibolite jade(“nephrite”)as main content is defined as‘Jade’in the special sense,whereas the jade stuff such as serpentine jade,agate,marble,quartzite and so on are collectively known as‘jade’in the general sense,and there is certain proportion of a third‘rock materials’such as sandstone,limestone and slate and many more.The formulae of the materials conform to the fundamental principles of amphibolite jade formation in Sichuan area which has natural conditions in mineral resources for processing jades.The jade Zao mainly from the excavation pit 1 and 2 are superior to jade Zhang and jade Ge in quality,which suggests that the uses of materials are partly related to the shape of the jade products.There are more varieties of materials and types of jade wares in pit 2 than in pit 1.